1970s: As Sudan gains legitimacy in peacetime, Western countries begin supplying the government with arms. Continuing conflict in the newly independent South Sudan has prevented further development, and essential services such as clean drinking water and sanitation are unavailable to many. For without water in Sudan, the consequence is a painful, elongated death by dehydration. In Kassala state, east of the capital Khartoum, all agricultural land is reportedly under water and crops are being destroyed. Various peace negotiation attempts between al-Mahdi and the SPLA fail as the conflict worsens. The United States sells Sudan a great deal of equipment, hoping to counteract Soviet support of Marxist Ethiopians and Libyans. All content, including Water for South Sudan, Inc. hand/water image, Copyright © 2021, Water for South Sudan, Inc. All rights reserved.Water for South Sudan is a protected trade name of Water for South Sudan, Inc., and its associated logo is a protected trademark, Please enter the email address that you use to login to TeenInk.com, and we'll email you instructions to reset your password. Which of your works would you like to tell your friends about? faces ecological crises like water scarcity and desertification. Sudan - Sudan - Conflict in Darfur: A separate conflict that remained unresolved centred on the Darfur region in western Sudan. Water for Sudan is a nonprofit organization, so it relies heavily on the support of businesses, churches, people, and schools for money with which to install the much needed water filters in Southern Sudan to bring relief to the people there. A total of 871 million dollars has been given to South Sudan so far, but this only meets half of the … Imagine having a case of bloody diarrhea in the smoldering desert while having to constantly keep walking onwards towards help. 1993: A peace initiative for Sudan is pursued by Eritrea, Ethiopia, Uganda, and Kenya under the auspices of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), but has little effect. When this fails, Khartoum begins taking the territory by force, including the Muglad Basin. Since the start of the conflict in Sudan’s western Darfur in 2003, more than 3 million people have been forced to flee their homes and seek shelter in camps and hosting communities. The first well was drilled in 2005 in Salva’s father’s village. April, 2010:  Sudan holds its first national elections in over 20 years. January 9, 2005: Peace is finally brokered between southern rebels and the government of Sudan. Omar Hassan al-Bashir wins Presidency of Sudan with 68% of the vote. September 1983: Nimeiry issues a set of decrees, known as the September Laws, imposing sharia law throughout the country. A brief history of modern Sudan and South Sudan South Sudan, the world's newest nation, was once a sizeable part of Sudan, the country to its north. May 1983: Battalion 105, stationed at Bor and composed mostly of ex-Anyanya troops, is attacked after refusing to transfer to the north. Islamic law remains in effect in the north, while its use in the south is decided regionally. Senator John Danforth as the President's Special Envoy for Peace in Sudan. As if the heat were not devastating enough, the water that the people of Southern Sudan are forced to drink is disgusting. Arguably, the stakes for Egypt are high. Sudan is a marshy country located in Northeast Africa, and has a blistering hot climate because of its location- in fact, temperatures there rarely drop below 70°F. Arabic is made the language of administration in the south, and northerners begin to hold positions there. Water pollution comes from agricultural residues and the sugar industry, although the self-purifying capacity of the natural systems is high., Furthermore, the 1975 Public Health Law forbids ‘the disposal of any untreated, treated or partially treated water in natural water bodies’. For without water in Sudan, the consequence is a painful, elongated death by dehydration. Raids by the murahaleen — government-armed Arab militias — reach their peak. January 9th, 2011: Southern Sudanese vote in a referendum stipulated in the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement to decide if the region will separate from the North and become an independent nation. While the security situation has improved in most parts of Darfur, still millions of … Water for Sudan prevents those diseases and ensures that every single person living in Sudan gets the clean drinking water they deserve. The Anyanya struggled with a lot of internal factionalism and instability, much like the SPLA would deal with in the second civil war. On July 14, 2011 The Republic of South Sudan joined the United Nations as the world's 193rd nation. But the water … Bringing clean water to the country can only be the messenger of good things; the Sudanese people will be able to live comfortably and happily. The War in Darfur, also nicknamed the Land Cruiser War, is a major armed conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan that began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) rebel groups began fighting the government of Sudan, which they accused of oppressing Darfur's non-Arab population. Although it originated in southern Sudan, the civil war spread to the Nuba mountains and the Blue Nile.It lasted for 22 years and is one of the longest civil wars on record. Every cent counts when it comes to giving people the bare necessities of life, and Water for Sudan uses each and every donation to create a happier, healthier, brighter life for the people of Sudan. A number of important studies indicated that semi-arid and arid countries to be more affected by climate change than temperate countries. 1946: Britain and Khartoum (by this time, Egypt is effectively out of the picture) abruptly decide to merge north and south into a single administrative region. As villages are ransacked and survivors flee, the so-called "Lost Boys" begin their walks across Southern Sudan into Ethiopia. Today, hope is on hold in over half of the developing world's primary schools without access to water and sanitation. Thank you. 1880s: Nationalist revolts, led by Muhammed Ahmad Al Mahdi, begin to form in opposition to Egyptian and British rule (at the time, Egypt was under British occupation). The people of Southern Sudan await their historic opportunity for peace and stability, after a twenty one-year conflict that claimed at least two million lives. The conflict in December 2013 reopened deeply-rooted political and ethnic tensions that hadn't yet been reconciled in the young country — and those divisions have continued to fuel ongoing clashes. The Muglad Basin is an area near the north-south border that was claimed by Khartoum and renamed, using the Arabic word for "unity.". August 1, 2005: John Garang dies in a helicopter crash three weeks after being sworn in as First Vice President of Sudan. "An unstable Sudan is not good for South Sudan as well. Slavery becomes widespread. Key opposition parties boycott at the last minute charging election fraud. Drinking contaminated water is responsible for more than 5,500 reported cases of cholera in South Sudan in the past few months. Shortly thereafter, oil is discovered throughout Southern Sudan. It is opaque because of mud and other waste that has been dumped into the water sources- waste such as dead animals, human waste, and animal waste. These laws include extreme punishments such as cutting off offenders' hands for stealing. Imagine how it would feel for the bodies of several long tapeworms slithering through your intestines, hungrily devouring the food you eat and consuming you alive, or your dear children who have suffered so much from dysentery that they appear to be living skeletons more dead than alive, and dying still, suffering from severe abdominal cramps, unable to retain anything they eat, and to die an exhausting, drawn-out death unless professional help and clean water can be obtained. Conflict in Sudan continues to worsen. Although Sudan has suffered from water scarcity for decades, it’s descent back into war in 2013 after the country split has further exacerbated this. Eventually, the dissident rebel factions unite in a coalition called SPLA-United. The construction of … 1998: After embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania, the United States launches a missile attack on a pharmaceutical factory outside Khartoum that it believes is producing chemical weapons for terrorist groups. The constant conflict within South Sudan has left the country’s water systems neglected or destroyed. But they need your help, too. Cholera, a water-borne infectious disease, causes severe diarrhoea and dehydration. Late 1970s: Repeated violations of the Addis Ababa Agreement by the north lead to increased unrest in the south. January 1, 1956: Independence is granted to Sudan as a single unified nation. Watering the Seeds of Change in South Sudan Water for South Sudan delivers life-changing, sustainable, locally-led programs that strengthen individuals, families, communities, and the nation of South Sudan, enabled by inspired donors and supporters worldwide. 1999: Almost 4,000 Sudanese refugee boys are approved for resettlement to the United States. Sudan’s capital is ideally located at the junction of the Blue and White Niles. (These links will automatically appear in your email.). The canal was meant to divert the flow of the White Nile, bypassing the vast swamps of the Sudd, in South Sudan, where water is lost to evaporation. Displaced people carry water containers on their heads at Tomping camp, where the UN shelters about 15 000 people, near South Sudan's capital of Juba. She has been sent to collect her family’s daily supply of water- a task that she and many other young girls her age must do each and every single day. The following brief timeline lays out the most recent phase in Sudan and South Sudan's history, beginning with imperialist intervention. The conflict began in 2003 when rebels launched an insurrection to protest what they contended was the Sudanese government’s disregard for the western region and its non-Arab population. Thank you for sharing this page with a friend! A ten-year hiatus in the conflict follows. Rise in droughts and temperature, are some of the many factors that have impacted the Nile river,which is Sudan's major water source. President Nimeiry institutes a bold Islamicization campaign, transforming Sudan into a Muslim Arab state. Riots result, but peace continues. The Addis Ababa Agreement is signed, granting the south considerable autonomy and a share of natural resources. Salva Kiir wins Presidency of the Government of Southern Sudan with 75% of the vote. Without water you can't grow food, you can't build housing, you can't stay healthy, you can't stay in school and you can't keep working. Box 25551 • Rochester, NY • 14625 • (585) 383-0410. When results are tabulated, the vote is overwhelming for separation. February 2003: The Darfur conflict begins. 1991: Salva and all refugees at Pinyudo are forced to leave Ethiopia when that country's dictator, Mengistu Haile Mariam, is overthrown. 3.2 Water Regulation and Flood Control for Sudan and Egypt The project will have a major impact on mitigation of drought and on flood management. Water is very scarce in Sudan because they consist of agriculture farming which causes them to use 97% of their water use. Sudan - Sudan - Conflict with South Sudan: The lingering unresolved issues with South Sudan continued to pose problems, despite international attempts to mediate between the two countries. Per the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, a referendum is scheduled to be held in 2011 to determine if Southern Sudan will remain a part of Sudan or secede and gain its independence. 2019-2020: A Year in Review He is the founder of Water for Sudan, Inc., a not-for-profit 501(c)3 corporation, which raises funds and drills water wells in Southern Sudan’s remote villages. These early rebels develop a large secessionist movement in the south, called the Anyanya. Al-Bashir is supported by the fundamentalist National Islamic Front (NIF), headed by hard-line Islamist Hassan al-Turabi. They go from home to home and if they find you they will kill you, they slaughter, just like that,” she says. Such conditions would certainly be fatal for anyone attempting such a journey. The British and Egyptians are defeated in 1885 and Al Mahdi establishes a theocracy in Khartoum. The heat also makes it difficult for people who are suffering waterborne diseases to reach distant medical clinics for the same reason, and it can- in some cases- increase that deadliness of the disease. Late 1980s: President Nimeiry is deposed and Sadiq al-Mahdi rises to power. So we want to see a democratic system in Sudan as well as in South Sudan and then we can have good relations with Sudan in a meaningful way," says Dr. Luka B. Deng Kuol, Director and Associate Professor at the Centre for Peace & Development, University of Juba, South Sudan. July 9th, 2011: The Republic of South Sudan celebrates its birthday. His story became the … The new government fiercely enforces Islamic code throughout Sudan, banning trade unions, political parties, and other "non-religious" institutions. It achieves independence in 1956. 1989: The Sudanese government begins deploying army militiamen notoriously known as the People's Defense Forces to raid villages in the south alongside the murahaleen. Meanwhile, in Darfur, the number of dead and displaced continues to grow, and the conflict rages on with no clear end in sight. Water is Basic was formed in 2006 following the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, which set out to end the civil war in Sudan. According to Sudan House Hold Survey 2010, over 60% of the households in Sudan have access to improved drinking water sources (66.6% in urban and 57.7% in rural areas) and 27.1% of the households in Sudan have access to improved sanitation (46.9% in urban and 17.9% in rural areas). 1980: Khartoum attempts to redraw the boundaries of Southern Sudan, transferring oilfields to the north. The geography of Southern Sudan consists of vast plains and endless deserts, and this harsh landscape- paired with the searing climate- accounts for only one of the reasons why having safe drinking water is essential in this country; it only takes a few hours to become dehydrated and suffer an excruciating death in this land. 1972: All rebel factions gather under the Southern Sudan Liberation Movement (SSLM) to negotiate a peace agreement with the Sudanese government. Water for Sudan ensures that every Southern Sudan resident has suitable water to drink. South Sudan, the world's newest nation, was once a sizeable part of Sudan, the country to its north. September 2001: President George Bush appoints former U.S. and use of either without the prior written consent of Water for South Sudan, Inc. is prohibited. The Water Crisis in South Sudan South Sudan is suffering from a water crisis. More than 400 Sudanese Red Crescent volunteers are working in the affected areas, assisting people who suddenly find themselves with nothing – and with little hope for the future. Water for Sudan is a nonprofit organization started … The documentary follows Salva as he returns to his native land, leading a drilling team as they triumph over daunting challenges to bring safe water to one typical remote village. The sun beats down ruthlessly on the scorching hot, bone dry ground of Southern Sudan as the little girl- no older than nine- plods along, her tongue and throat so parched they’re numb. Without your assistance, the people of Sudan will continue to suffer and die horrifying deaths because of a lack of clean water. Supplies of food and fresh water are already dwindling. All of these horrible scenarios are simply the result of not having clean water. 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